{"id":6541,"date":"2023-09-18T19:31:17","date_gmt":"2023-09-18T11:31:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dcl-controls.com\/?p=6541"},"modified":"2025-03-28T08:48:00","modified_gmt":"2025-03-28T08:48:00","slug":"gb-t-3369-2-2008-iec-60381-2-1978","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dclcontrols.com\/el_gr\/%cf%85%cf%80%ce%bf%cf%83%cf%84%ce%ae%cf%81%ce%b9%ce%be%ce%b7\/%ce%b5%ce%bd%ce%b5%cf%81%ce%b3%ce%bf%cf%80%ce%bf%ce%b9%ce%b7%cf%84%ce%ae%cf%82-ts\/gb-t-3369-2-2008-iec-60381-2-1978","title":{"rendered":"GB\/T 3369.1\u20142008\/IEC 60381-1:1982"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"6541\" class=\"elementor elementor-6541\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4ad6800 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4ad6800\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-448b26a\" data-id=\"448b26a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d2988c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d2988c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"84\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 4-20mA \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03c2:<\/p><p class=\"\" data-start=\"86\" data-end=\"101\"><strong data-start=\"86\" data-end=\"98\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf<\/strong>:<\/p><ul data-start=\"102\" data-end=\"258\"><li class=\"\" data-start=\"102\" data-end=\"143\"><p class=\"\" data-start=\"104\" data-end=\"143\"><strong data-start=\"104\" data-end=\"141\">GB\/T 3369.1\u20142008\/IEC 60381-1:1982<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li class=\"\" data-start=\"144\" data-end=\"258\"><p class=\"\" data-start=\"146\" data-end=\"258\"><strong data-start=\"146\" data-end=\"155\">\u03a4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong>\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u2014 \u039c\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 1: \u03a3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 (IEC 60381-1:1982, IDT)<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"\" data-start=\"260\" data-end=\"482\">\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 (DC) \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 4-20mA \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-314b810 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"314b810\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d95a9b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6d95a9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"763\" height=\"1031\" src=\"https:\/\/dclcontrols.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/gb-t-3369-2-2008-iec-60381-2-1978.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-6542\" alt=\"GB\/T 3369.2\u20142008\/IEC 60381-2:1978 - \u8fc7\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6a21\u62df\u4fe1\u53f7 \u7b2c2\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u538b\u4fe1\u53f7\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-303746d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"303746d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>\u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2<\/h2><p>\u03a4\u03bf GB\/T 3369 \u00ab\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03a3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u0395\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u0394\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u00bb \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b7:<\/p><ul><li><p>\u039c\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 1: \u03a3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 (DC).<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u039c\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 2: \u03a3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>\u039c\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 1<\/strong> \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <strong>GB\/T 3369<\/strong>.<br \/>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf IEC 60381-1:1982, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf \u00ab\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u2013 \u039c\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 1: \u03a3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2\u00bb (\u0391\u03b3\u03b3\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03ba\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7).<\/p><p>\u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf GB\/T 1.1-2000 \u00ab\u039f\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03a4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u2013 \u039c\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 1: \u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u0394\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b7\u03c2\u00bb, \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf IEC 60381-1:1982:<\/p><ul><li><p>\u0397 \u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u00ab\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u00bb \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u00ab\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2\u00bb.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u039f \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 IEC 60381-1:1982 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u038c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u00abIEC 60381\u00bb, \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u00abGB\/T 3369\u00bb.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0397 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u00ab.\u00bb \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u00ab,\u00bb \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c8\u03b7\u03c6\u03af\u03b1.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac <strong>GB\/T 3369-1989<\/strong> \u00ab\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03a3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03a1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 DC \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u038c\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1 \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u00bb.<\/p><h3>\u039a\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf GB\/T 3369-1989:<\/h3><ul><li><p>\u039f \u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03be\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u00ab\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03a3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03a1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 DC \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u038c\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1 \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u00bb \u03c3\u03b5 \u00ab\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03a3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u0395\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u0394\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u2013 \u039c\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 1: \u03a3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03a1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2\u00bb.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0397 \u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u00ab\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u00bb \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u00ab\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2\u00bb.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2: <strong>GB\/T 3369-1989<\/strong> \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf IEC 60381-1:1982 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf IEC 60381-1:1982 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd (\u039a\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf 1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <strong>GB\/T 3369-1989<\/strong> \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u039a\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf 1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2).<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u039f \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u00ab\u03cc\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u00bb \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u00ab\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u00bb (\u039a\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf 1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <strong>GB\/T 3369-1989<\/strong> \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u039a\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf 1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2).<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0388\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u00ab\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u00bb \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u00ab\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u00bb (\u0395\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 2.9, 2.10 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2).<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 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\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2: Liu Feng, Zhang Jiancheng, Zhu Peijun, Liu Jin.<br \/>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2: Feng Xiaosheng, Xie Bingbing.<\/p><p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9:<\/p><ul><li><p><strong>GB 3369-1982<\/strong>;<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>GB\/T 3369-1989<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h2>1. \u03a0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2<\/h2><p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p><h2>2. \u038c\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u039f\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af<\/h2><p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2:<\/p><p>2.1 <strong>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2.<\/p><p>2.2 <strong>\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p><p>2.3 <strong>\u0395\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\u038c\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p><p>2.4 <strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf<\/strong><br \/>\u0397 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<br \/>\u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7: \u03a4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd \u03ae \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae. \u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd, \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u00ab\u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u00bb. \u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae, \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u00ab\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u00bb.<\/p><p>2.5 <strong>\u0391\u03bd\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf<\/strong><br \/>\u0397 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p><p>2.6 <strong>\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong><br \/>\u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03c9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p><p>2.7 <strong>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\u039f \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p><p>2.8 <strong>\u039a\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9.<\/p><p>2.9 <strong>\u03a4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc<\/strong><br \/>\u0397 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p><p>2.10 <strong>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\u039f \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p><h2>3. \u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/h2><p>3.1 <strong>\u0395\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\u039f \u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p><p><strong>\u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 1: \u0395\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong><\/p><table><thead><tr><th>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf (mA)<\/th><th>\u0391\u03bd\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u038c\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf (mA)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>4 (\u03b1)<\/td><td>20 (\u03b2)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>0<\/td><td>20 (\u03b2)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><ul><li><p>(\u03b1) \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae.<\/p><\/li><li><p>(\u03b2) \u039c\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p>3.2 <strong>\u03a4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd 0mA \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p><p>3.3 <strong>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 3%.<br \/>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 (\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c8\u03b7\u03c6\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5), \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p><p>3.4 <strong>\u039a\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u0393\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ae \u03a3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\u0397 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03b7 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 (\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7 0V \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2).<\/p><p>3.5 <strong>\u0393\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong><br \/>\u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ae \u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (\u03ae \u03bf \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 0V \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2) \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9.<\/p><p>3.6 <strong>\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong><br \/>\u0388\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03c0\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ae \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03ae\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd 0\u03a9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 300\u03a9.<\/p><p>3.7 <strong>\u03a4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\u039f\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03ae\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 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V(DC).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 4-20mA \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03c2: \u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf: GB\/T 3369.1\u20142008\/IEC 60381-1:1982 \u03a4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2: \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 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