{"id":5380,"date":"2023-06-05T16:19:39","date_gmt":"2023-06-05T08:19:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.dcl-controls.com\/?p=5380"},"modified":"2025-03-31T09:18:37","modified_gmt":"2025-03-31T09:18:37","slug":"why-voltage-signal-oscillate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dclcontrols.com\/el_gr\/%cf%85%cf%80%ce%bf%cf%83%cf%84%ce%ae%cf%81%ce%b9%ce%be%ce%b7\/ta-acutator\/%ce%b3%ce%b9%ce%b1%cf%84%ce%af-%cf%84%ce%bf-%cf%83%ce%ae%ce%bc%ce%b1-%cf%84%ce%ac%cf%83%ce%b7%cf%82-%cf%84%ce%b1%ce%bb%ce%b1%ce%bd%cf%84%cf%8e%ce%bd%ce%b5%cf%84%ce%b1%ce%b9","title":{"rendered":"\u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2;"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"5380\" class=\"elementor elementor-5380\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1893469 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1893469\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-61d5be0\" data-id=\"61d5be0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f64e7bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f64e7bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>\u00a0<\/h3><h2><strong>1. \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong><\/h2><figure style=\"width: 960px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/voltage-signal-path.webp\" alt=\"\u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 1 \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2\" width=\"960\" height=\"299\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 1 \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>\u038c\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf <strong>\u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 1<\/strong>, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1:<\/p><ol><li><p><strong>\u039a\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 <strong>\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 (C1)<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae (L1)<\/strong>, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc <strong>\u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03c9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03c9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p><strong>\u039a\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p>\u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 <strong>\u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (L2, C2)<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ol><hr \/><h2><strong>2. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7;<\/strong><\/h2><p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03c2:<\/p><p><span class=\"katex\">\u2223Xi\u2223=\u2223Xi\u2223\u2212\u2223Xf\u2223|X_i&#039;| = |X_i| \u2013 |X_f|<\/span><\/p><p>\u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03b5\u03ac\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf <strong>\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (|Xf|) \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac 180\u00b0<\/strong>, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5:<\/p><p><span class=\"katex\">\u2223Xi\u2223=\u2223Xi\u2223+\u2223Xf\u2223|X_i&#039;| = |X_i| + |X_f|<\/span><\/p><p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd <strong>\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong> \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 (<strong>|Xi| = 0<\/strong>), \u03c4\u03bf <strong>\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03be\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf<\/strong>, \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 <strong>\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong>.<\/p><p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2:<\/p><ol><li><p><strong>\u03a4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b2\u03c1\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 1:<\/strong> <strong>|AF| &gt; 1<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0397 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af:<\/strong> <strong>\u03c6A + \u03c6F = (2n+1)\u03c0<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p>\u039f <strong>\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong> in the loop \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2:<br \/>\u2714 <strong>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 (C1) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae (L1) \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\u2714 <strong>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (L2, C2) \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong><br \/>\u2714 <strong>\u03a0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03c9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong><\/p><p>\u0391\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf <strong>\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 180\u00b0<\/strong>, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p><hr \/><h2><strong>3. \u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7;<\/strong><\/h2><p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, <strong>\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/strong> \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p><figure style=\"width: 417px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/self-excited-oscilation-factor.webp\" alt=\"\u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 2 \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b2\u03c1\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\" width=\"417\" height=\"415\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 2 \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b2\u03c1\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>\u038c\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf <strong>\u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 2<\/strong>, \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2:<\/p><ul><li><p><strong>fc:<\/strong> \u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b2\u03c1\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 <strong>\u03a4\u03bf |AF| \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 0 dB<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1:<\/strong> \u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03c1\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 <strong>-180\u00b0<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b7 <strong>\u03a4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 0 dB<\/strong> \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 -180\u00b0.<\/p><hr \/><h2><strong>4. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac<\/strong><\/h2><figure style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/current-signal-feedback-path.webp\" alt=\"\u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 3 \u0392\u03c1\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2\" width=\"600\" height=\"406\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 3 \u0392\u03c1\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure style=\"width: 586px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/voltage-signal-feedback-path.webp\" alt=\"\u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 4 \u0392\u03c1\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2\" width=\"586\" height=\"425\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 4 \u0392\u03c1\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/figcaption><\/figure><p><strong>\u039a\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae:<br \/>\u2714 <strong>\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1<\/strong> (\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf <strong>\u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 3<\/strong>).<br \/>\u2714 <strong>\u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong>.<\/p><p>\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1, <strong>\u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong> (\u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 4) \u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf <strong>\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong>, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 <strong>\u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong> \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2. \u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 <strong>\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong>, \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1.<\/p><hr \/><h3><strong>5. \u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1<\/strong><\/h3><p>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd:<br \/>\u2714 <strong>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 180\u00b0.<\/strong><br \/>\u2714 <strong>\u03a4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b2\u03c1\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/strong><\/p><p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03cd\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7:<br \/>\u2714 <strong>\u0392\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b2\u03c1\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 0 dB \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 180\u00b0.<\/strong><br \/>\u2714 <strong>\u0395\u03bb\u03b1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\/\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/strong><br \/>\u2714 <strong>\u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b2\u03c1\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/strong><\/p><p>\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1, <strong>\u03ad\u03be\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 <strong>\u03bf \u03b2\u03c1\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 1. \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u038c\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 1, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 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